James Baldwins Writing Technique Essay -- James Baldwin

The Baldwin Technique James Baldwin is exceptionally viewed as one of the incredible authors of his time. In the â€Å"Notes of a Native Son† he depicts a powerful second in his life. The essay’s setting happens during the Harlem revolts in New York City and Detroit. The mob in New York all started due the lethal shooting of a youthful African American kid by a white cop. Dissidents started to fight the police fierceness, yet then battles and plundering broke out when a few nonconformists turned out to be boisterous. Baldwin’s exposition reflects upon his cooperations and sentiments with and about his dad. He examines how his dad influenced him and discusses what sort of individual his dad was. He additionally considers the effect of his father’s passing. At the same time, inside the paper, Baldwin utilizes various strategies so as to get and interest his perusers. He essentially makes his exposition a story. Be that as it may, he additionally fuses his examination, which as a rule come from his utilization of doubles and differences. His utilization of dull words additionally has a major influence in his style. Those methods all entwined such that will enable the peruser to get Baldwin and his thoughts a great deal more clear. His mix of both story and examination can be seen in the absolute first section. Baldwin starts his exposition by expressing that reality that his dad passed on the July 29, 1943. Directly subsequent to expressing that reality, he makes reference to the revolting, which happened in Detroit and in Harlem about a month prior to the passing of his dad. Baldwin fuses the occasions that are going on around him in his account as an approach to set up nature for the peruser. The revolting and different occasions that Baldwin talks about is his method of clarifying, or in any event, defending his emotions during tha... ... to contrast himself and his dad. He made the mobs in Harlem and Detroit versus the police share comparative characteristics to his relationship with his dad. Baldwin’s word picking is additionally successful in Notes of a Native Son. He stresses certain words so as to depict his feelings towards a circumstance without going into an inside and out clarification. In conclusion, Baldwin’s most clear quality in weaving both account and diagnostic composing is the utilization of word redundancy. He constantly utilized the most grounded word that he could consider (loathe) and simply rehash it again and again. The primary concern to see is that Baldwin utilizes a similar word through his account as well as inside his examination. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Notes of a Native Son.† 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84.

Night World : Witchlight Chapter 9

Keller responded in a split second and naturally. She changed. She did it on the jump this time. Surging the procedure along, pushing it from behind. She needed to be totally a jaguar when she arrived on the young lady's back. Be that as it may, a few things can't be surged. She felt herself start to condense and flow†¦ formlessness†¦ pleasure†¦ the express opportunity of not being bound to any single physical shape. At that point renewal, an extending of every one of her cells as they came to become something else, to spread out like butterfly wings into another sort of body. Her jumpsuit clouded into the hide that ran along her body, all over from the stomach in front, straight down from the scruff of her neck toward the rear. Her ears flooded and afterward solidified, sensitive, adjusted, and jerking as of now. From the base of her spine, her tail sprang free, its marginally clubbed end whipping enthusiastically. That was the means by which she landed. She thumped the young lady neatly finished, and the two of them went moving on the floor. At the point when they halted, Keller was hunching on the young lady's stomach. She would not like to murder the young lady. She expected to discover a few things out first. What sort of Night Person the young lady was, and who'd sent her. The main issue was that now, as she bowed with her hands grasping the young lady's arms, gazing into dim blue eyes under delicate earthy colored blasts, she was unable to detect anything of the Night World in the young lady's life vitality. Shapeshifters were the uncontested best at that. They could tell a human from a Night Person by far most of the time. What's more, this young lady wasn't even in the â€Å"maybe† go. She was emitting absolutely human signs. Also shouting. Her mouth was all the way open, as were her eyes, as were her understudies. Her skin had gone blue-white like somebody going to black out. She looked totally baffled and stunned, and she wasn't making a transition to retaliate. Keller's heart sank. Yet, on the off chance that the young lady was human and innocuous, for what reason hadn't she listened when Keller had yelled at her? â€Å"Boss, we need to close her up.† It was Winnie, hollering over the young lady's guttural shouts. Of course, Nissa didn't let out the slightest peep, however she was the person who shut the music room entryway. By at that point, Keller had recouped enough to put a hand over the young lady's mouth. The shouting halted. At that point she took a gander at the others. They were gazing at her. Wide-looked at. Keller felt like a little cat with its paw in the canary enclosure. Here she was, perched on this human young lady's midsection, in her cream structure. Her ears and tail were a panther's, and she was dressed from her cozy boots to her shoulders in hide. It fit her like a dark velvet jumpsuit, a sleeveless one that left her arms and neck uncovered. The hair on her head was as yet a human's and whirled around her to contact the floor on each side. Her face was human, as well, aside from the understudies of her eyes, which were limited ovals, responding to each difference in light and shadow. Also, her teeth. Her canines had gotten carefully pointed, giving her simply the scarcest trace of teeth. She flickered at Galen, not certain what she found in his demeanor. He was unquestionably gazing at her, and there was some compelling feeling pulling his face tight and making that white line around his mouth. Ghastliness? Nauseate? He was a shapeshifter himself-or he would be on the off chance that he would ever decide. He'd seen her in puma structure. For what reason would it be a good idea for him to be stunned at this? The appropriate response flashed back at Keller from some profound piece of her cerebrum. Simply because I'm a beast along these lines. Pumas are a piece of nature and can't be accused for what they do. I'm a savage thing that doesn't figure out how to be either a creature or an individual. What's more, I'm risky in this structure. Neither portion of me is truly in charge. Somebody who's never showed signs of change would never get that. Galen stepped toward her. His jaw was tense, yet his gold-green eyes were fixed on hers, and his hand was marginally lifted. Keller thought about whether it was the signal of a prisoner moderator. He opened his mouth to state something. Also, Iliana became animated, hopping ready for action past him and yelling at Keller at the same time. â€Å"What would you say you are doing? That is Jaime! What actions are you taking to her?† â€Å"You know her?† â€Å"That's Jaime Ashton-Hughes! She's Brett's sister! Furthermore, she's perhaps the closest companion! Furthermore, you assaulted her! Are all of you right?† It was completely yelled at around a similar decibel level, however on the last sentence, Iliana looked down at Jaime. Keller moved her palm from Jaime's mouth. As it turned out, however, that didn't appear to be vital. Jaime lifted her free hand and started to make quick, liquid motions at Iliana with it. Keller gazed, and afterward her internal parts dove. She let go of the young lady's other arm, and the motions quickly became two-given. Gracious. Oh†¦ darn. Keller could feel her ears smooth in reverse. She took a gander at Iliana. â€Å"Sign language?† â€Å"She has a conference impairment!† Iliana frowned at Keller, at the same time making motions back at Jaime. Her movements were cumbersome and unnatural contrasted with Jaime's, yet she unmistakably had some thought what she was doing. â€Å"I didn't realize.† â€Å"What distinction does it make how well she can hear?† Diana hollered. â€Å"She's my companion! She's leader of the senior class! She's seat for the Christmas Benefit bazaar! What did she do to you, request that you purchase a teddy bear?† Keller murmured. Her tail was tucked up near her body, nearly between her legs, and her ears were compliment than at any other time. She moved off Jaime, who quickly hurried in reverse and away from her, despite everything talking quickly with her hands to Diana. â€Å"The difference,† Keller stated, â€Å"is that she didn't stop when I advised her to. I hollered at her, but†¦ I didn't understand. See, simply reveal to her I'm heartbroken, will you?† ‘You advise her! Try not to discuss her as though she isn't here. Jaime can lip-read fine and dandy in the event that you trouble to confront her.† Diana went to Jaime once more. â€Å"I'm sorry. Kindly don't be distraught. This is awful and I don't have the foggiest idea how to clarify. Would you be able to inhale now?† Jaime gestured gradually. Her dull blue eyes slid to Keller, at that point back to Diana. She talked in a quieted voice. In spite of the fact that it was level in tone and a portion of the sounds were indistinguishable, it was entirely wonderful. Also, the words were superbly reasonable. â€Å"What†¦ is it?† she asked Diana. Which means Keller. Be that as it may, at that point, before Diana could reply, Jaime got herself. She bit her lip, took a gander at the floor for a second, at that point prepared herself and took a gander at Keller once more. She was scared, her body was contracting, however this time her eyes met Keller's legitimately. â€Å"What†¦ are you?† Keller opened her mouth and shut it once more. A hand shut on her shoulder. It was warm, and it applied brief weight for a moment. At that point it pulled away, perhaps as though revolted on the grounds that it was laying on hide. â€Å"She's a person,† Galen stated, stooping down close to Jaime. â€Å"She may look a little changed at this moment, however she's as quite a bit of an individual as you seem to be. What's more, you need to accept that she didn't intend to hurt you. She committed an error. She thought you were an adversary, and she reacted.† â€Å"An enemy?† There was something about Galen. Jaime had loose nearly when he got down on her level. Presently she was conversing with him unreservedly, her hands flying effortlessly as she talked so anyone might hear, underscoring her words. Her face was pretty when it wasn't blue with suffocation, Keller took note. â€Å"What would you say you are discussing? What sort of foe? Who are you individuals? I haven't seen you around school before.† â€Å"She thought-well, she thought you were going to hurt Diana. There are a few people who are attempting to do that.† Jaime's face changed. â€Å"Hurt Diana? Who? They would be advised to not by any means try!† Winnie had been jerking all through this. Presently she murmured, â€Å"Boss†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It doesn't matter,† Keller said unobtrusively. â€Å"Nissa will need to clear her memory anyway.† It was really awful, as it were, on the grounds that this current young lady's response to the Night World was one of the most reasonable Keller had ever observed. Be that as it may, it would not have benefited from outside assistance. Keller didn't take a gander at Diana as she talked; she knew there would have been a contention. Be that as it may, before it began, she had one last comment. â€Å"Jaime?† She moved and got moment consideration. â€Å"I'm sorry. Truly. I'm sorry I startled you. What's more, I'm extremely heartbroken in the event that I hurt you.† She stood up, not holding back to check whether she was excused. Why did it make a difference? What was done was at that point done, and what was going to happen was inescapable. She didn't hope to be excused, and she couldn't have cared less. That was what she let herself know, at any rate. Diana argued. Keller did whatever it takes not to let Jaime see a lot of it, since that would just make her increasingly terrified and hopeless, and the end truly was inevitable. Leaving her memory flawless would be risky for Iliana as well as for Jaime herself. â€Å"It's demise for a human to get some answers concerning the Night World,† Keller said straight. â€Å"And it's more awful than death if the mythical beast and his companions believe she has any data about the Wild Power. You would prefer not to realize what they'll do to attempt to get it out of her, Iliana. I guarantee you don't.† Furthermore, at long last, Iliana surrendered, as Keller had realized she would need to from the earliest starting point. Nissa climbed behind Jaime like a murmur and a shadow and contacted her in favor of her neck. In spite of the fact that witches were the specialists at conditioning, at embeddings new thoughts and feelings, vampires were the best at starting all over again. They didn't utilize spells. It was something they were brought into the world with, the ability to place their casualty into a daze and smooth away hours or even long periods of memoiy. Jaime investigated Nissa's gleaming earthy colored eyes for possibly seventy seconds, and afterward her own blue eyes shut, and her body went limp. Galen got her as she feU. â€Å"She'll wake up in almost no time. It's most likely best

Shaye Storm Studying Extrasolar Planets

Shaye Storm Studying Extrasolar Planets Staying up all night while staring up at the stars, eating loads of candy, and playing puzzles when clouds obscure the view sounds like summer camp, right? Not quite, it was part of sophomore Shaye Storms summer UROP at Jim Elliotts MIT Planetary Astronomy Laboratory. As most UROPers hung up their lab coats to head home, Shaye and two other undergrads would meet at the lab and if the sky was clear, they would drive up to MIT operated Wallace Observatory in Westford, MA. Once at the observatory, they studied extrasolar planets (a planet outside of our solar system), which Im told is currently a super hot topic in astronomy! The goal of the observations is to test if the Wallace Observatory has all the necessary equipment to detect and do studies on extrasolar systems. A lot of extrasolar systems are found in binary star systems, so they looked for eclipsing binaries to indicate the existence of a binary star system. So, when one binary star passes in front of another binary star, you get an eclipse. The eclipse is observed by a big drop in intensity in the light curve readings. From the light curve, you can determine the midpoint and consequently measure the accuracy of the midpoint measurement by comparing it to existing measurements from professional publications. Basically, once Shaye and his colleagues verify that the observatory has equipment that is good enough to detect extrasolar planets, the next major goal is to find an extrasolar planet that has Earth-like properties. Life probably exists on other planets; we just have to find it! Shaye says one of the cool things about his UROP were the weekly lab meetings that involved teleconferencing with scientists in Chile, Arizona, and Hawaii (if you want to travel to these cool places, be an astronomer!) He suggests that if you like astronomy, then these is a freshman astronomy seminar (see an old entry about Emily Levesque for more information) that is a great introduction. Shaye emphasizes that there are a lot of summer opportunities for undergrads with very little experience but with a lot of passion. Shaye is currently in Course 12 (Earth and Planetary Science) and in his free time he hosts a radio program on WMBR 88.1, the MIT campus radio station. His show airs on Friday nights, from 7-8 PM, and if you listen to last weeks show you can even hear me and our friend Boris (about whom I will be writing next week)!

Gasoline Essay - 901 Words

GASOLINE TOXIC COMPOUNDS AND ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT In the early 20th Century gasoline was being produced by oil companies using distillates from petroleum. Unfortunately, this was not enough energy to power the new atutomobiles that would soon be arriving. More chemicals, addetives and research had to be done. Around 1910 laws were passed that prohibited gasoline from being stored. Perhaps the car industries were growing so rapidly, it was then the government began to take note to regulate the use of gasoline for the protection of the environment. Lead and benzene are toxins found in gasoline that are confirmed to be regulated human carcinogens. Carcinogens have been tested also to induce cancer found in humans and animals.†¦show more content†¦Unleaded gasoline is not more toxic than lead but, keep in mind if unleaded gasoline that is not supported by catalysts it may increase the risk of toxic intake. Some countries are using aromatic or olefin octane-improvers to replace lead compunds octane-improvers to reduce the lead i ntake for health reasons. According to researchers using aromatics will increase 40%, where other countries using a high octane unleaded fuels will increase up to 50% when using oxygenates. It is proven that exhaust catalysts have a short life span and will immediately poison if it is misfuelled with leaded fuel. Therefore, the mishandling of catalyst can cause extremely high levels of toxic exposure when equipment is not repaired or replaced. Unleaded fuels used on modern vehicles can reduce aromatic emissions up to 10%, provded the vehicles have engine management systems and catalysts to regulate. Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon, colorless liquid with a pleasant odor obtained mostly from petroleum. It is used by industries to produce platics, synthetic rubber, nylon, detergents, and dyes. Its poisonous vapor can be deadly when breathed too long. 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Online Communities. - 1879 Words

Online Communities. To start off my essay I would like to stress on the fact that an online community is not created online communities evolve and flourish. Most of the well built online communities take time and effort to establish them. In this essay I will be covering topics like how people interact in an online community, also will be looking at how to facilitate a successful online discussion and how to evaluate the success or failure of an online community. With the dawn of the new century and advances in computing, companies and organisations realised the importance of getting a target market of potential customers and employees which is based online and thus providing a faster and easier way for mass communication and†¦show more content†¦They also have specific rules to follow for each community. The commercialization has also affected the need for online secure and private places where employees can interact in a better and faster medium than email or phone. â€Å"As commercial organisations face up to modern commercial pressures and react with measures such as downsizing and outsourcing,†(Hildreth,2004, vii) they have realised the need for creating communities which are virtual and need to communicate with each other over large distances and different time zones. The reasons for an online community for large business organizations is that they can get expert advice from people who specialise in their fields and are appointed as online experts to help their sub employees get maximum performance and their questions answered in faster way which will directly help in their productivity. 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Reflective Report on Group Work Free Essays

string(244) " time at a particular place was a whole other project in itself as of course each member had other work pieces to deal with at the same time, which needed the same amount of due care and attention as the ‘Lush’ event presentation required\." Reflection on group work Project Content |Page | |Content |2 | |Introduction |3 | |The Group |3 | |My role in the Group |4 | |Difficult encountered during the group work |5 | |The Presentation |7 | |Conclusion |8 | |References |9 | Introduction When effective group management and high organisation skills are applied, group work can bring students a wide range of skills and abilities related to people and problem solving. Group work demonstrates student’s capacity to communicate effectively, share and consider opinions, establish trust, analyse the group process, resolve conflicts and also develop their creativity. However, the constructive learning and beneficial results does not always come as a result of group work. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Report on Group Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, if the students can not perceive the objective of the group work in order to achieve a common goal, or to lay back or believe that the work load can be relied on other members of the group making the individual work less and still get an equal grade, the educational benefits can result in frustration and arguments as well as leading the whole group to a state of stress and anxiety. This essay reflects on my own participation towards ‘Lush Project’ as a project director, also how I contributed in interpreting  and  researching  the  Lush  Brief,  as  well  as my participation with the  final  presentation. It also discusses the difficulties that emerged throughout the group work; things that went well regards to the preparation and the areas that could have been improved upon. The Group A group can be defined in various ways, for instance; Charles Handy (1993, p. 150) identified a group as â€Å"any collection of people who perceive themselves to be a group† in order to interact with one another. The group then is likely to go through a number of structures which cover forming the group, the group passing from an undeveloped concept to a mature conception then going through a â€Å"variety of stages from mutual acceptance and membership to control and organisation† (Culliname, J. , 2007, p. 628)). My group went though the ‘Tuckman’ structure which is defined as ‘forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning’. Forming – initially the group was formed of seven students from the same class. There was no deliberation as to who would be in what group. There were only seven in the class and we were given the assignment to research the company ‘Lush’ and from our findings we were to stage and run a successful and unique event on behalf of the company. In this stage, the individuals start to know the other members of the group and the group is uncertain of the prospective tasks and there are no rules for the group work leading to a lack of focus and interest. At the norming stage a clearer guideline was given, individuals had the chance to choose the roles in the group and procedures were taken from there. The group consisted of a Project Director, two Logistics Managers, an Account Director, a Finance director and two Creative Directors where all had to come across to an agreement of a name for the group ‘Essence Events’ and where each individual group member would pitch an idea to the rest of the group. At this stage emotion was shown and excitement expressed towards the work we had to do. A timetable for regular meetings was given to each individual of the group by the project director and at each meeting’s ‘minutes’ were taken by one member of the group in order to keep track of the work that had been done. Then comes the performing where the team knew each other and structure and guideline were clear and cohesive. The team now focused on a common goal of developing the ideas for the ‘Lush’ event. At the beginning of this stage, all members of the group were getting together regularly and were constructing and expanding ideas for the project as well as for the presentation. However, unfortunately the group did not stay this way for very long. Distraction and lack of interest emerged bringing the whole group down to anxiety and disagreement. I as group leader was rather unsuccessful in putting the team together and in demanding more of a serious commitment from them. At this stage, the group should have been able to have delivered a successful project in the form of a presentation. Instead, all the hard work that had been done was diverted into a lack of interest and commitment resulting in a negative consequence. The final stage is the adjourning, where ‘Essence Events’ group disbanded. The idea should be that the group dispersing should get together again and reflect on the group work and see what went well and what did not go well and what should we have done differently. In this case, each member of the group was asked to reflect on the group work on their own which might bring more benefit as an individual. My Role in the Group According to Culliname, J. (2007, p. 566), a leader â€Å"aim to influence and guide others into pursuing particular objectives or visions of the future and to stimulate them into waiting to follow†. A project director has the same principle of leader in the sense of being able to conduct tasks successfully, maintaining teamwork and have a democratic participation leadership on the project. At the outset, as the project director I felt that I would fit into the role easily and would be able to distribute different roles to each member of the group. However, I was on a steep learning curve where I would find out that as group leader not only are you expected to have your own ideas to pitch to the group, but you are expected to salvage the group when an idea goes horribly wrong and the group then turns to you for guidance and a solution of how to rectify such problems. Not only was the actual academic side of the group a shock, but the outside organisation of the group proved to be tough as well. Trying to pin down each member of the group to turn up at a particular time at a particular place was a whole other project in itself as of course each member had other work pieces to deal with at the same time, which needed the same amount of due care and attention as the ‘Lush’ event presentation required. You read "Reflective Report on Group Work" in category "Papers" When separating responsibilities and separate individual projects to each member of the group I was well aware that not only did the writing and research need to be done but we needed to go to ‘Lush’ stores themselves in order to gather further research information to then take back to the group and compile our findings together to make a firm research file from which we could then discuss and sort what was considered to be primary information and what was secondary information. What we did was with each visit to the ‘Lush’ stores we would divide up the responsibilities and each person was responsible for gathering the respective information. The branches of research were mainly creativity, marketing, pricing, PH, promotion and target market. For instance, the marketing section one observation that the group made is that the door to the shop was always open. This was so that the smell of the products would reach the public outside and therefore attract their attention and ultimately attract consumers into the store to purchase the ‘Lush’ products. When we pitched our ideas to the group, one of the group members suggested that we should run the ‘Lush’ event based on the four seasons (winter, summer, autumn and spring). Each section included the right smell of the particular season, the right colour, such as darker heavier colours for the winter seasons and brighter colours for spring and summer. We emphasised the fact that ‘Lush’ does not carry out any tests on animals and that all their products are environmentally friendly and are also all natural products. Difficult encountered during the group work As with any group or team project it is inevitable that at some point throughout the time together there will be a minor or a major hurdle. This being that either one of the group members does not agree with a particular pitch or strongly disagrees with another person’s idea(s). They may even simply not get along with another member of the group. In the ‘Lush’ situation all group members seemed to get along at the beginning, however, soon disagreement and arguments started to emerge on the event’s topic and meetings. As a general rule the ideas for the project were usually chosen by the majority vote of the group. The problems that we as a group faced were ones that we would generally expect to encounter. We as a group suffered from people not attending meetings. This could be down to lack of organisation, however, it is unlikely that this was the case as all members of the group were aware of the time, date and location of the meeting. Some members simply did not turn up and failed to let the rest of the group who had turned up know that they would not be coming. This ultimately could be said down to the group leader, however, the leader can only do so much as the leader cannot be expected to force other members to turn up. As leader I could only send messages, emails and give phone calls and state the importance of the meeting but, could not make the individual turn up. Another problem we faced was as mentioned earlier; there was a lack of interest from certain members, and this pushed its way through the group and affected others as they began to become irritated with the members of the group who, when they would turn up, not doing any work. This issue I addressed as I took the respective group members aside and both explained the situation that they were putting the group in and asked what it was in particular they were not interested in. It became apparent that it was not the idea that they were not interested in, more the fact they simply did not want to share the workload, as they would not turn up to the meetings and hence cause the other members who did turn up to take on their work that they had not done as well as their own part of the project. Being anxious of not being able to complete the project in time for the presentation a few of the group members decided to starting putting the project together even though it seemed to be a lot of work to do for just a few members of the team. Just three days before the presentation all group members seemed to be interested about the work again and a vast improvement was made and the members who previously had failed to turn up, turned up to what was supposed to be the last meeting and the work was again shared â€Å"equally† and finished . This although seemingly positive in the short term for the group project, was relatively short lived as it had come too late and there was a lot of ground to cover in order to deliver our presentation. This created the problem that there was not as much time as we had hoped for. The Presentation The last minute work reflected in our final presentation because as a result there was a distinct lack of practice for the final presentation. The problems during the actual presentation were that due to the lack of practice there was no real deliverance of each member’s part as they had not pre-read their material beforehand and in effect, the actual presentation was more of a reading practice than of the finished article. Our first main practice was about a few hours before the final presentation was due and this was where I as group leader had to explain that I had told the members that this was the situation that we would be in if we carried on the way we were going three weeks prior to the presentation date. This led to a select few of us being able to deliver our part in a professional way, however, rendering the remainder of the project unfinished. We started late as one member who was responsible for the budgeting aspect of our project had failed to complete final checks on their display and as a result during the presentation their part failed to initialise causing a major delay whilst they left and went to go and print off their part to present. Upon reflection, the above situations were somewhat out of my control as group leader as I could not force the members of the group to turn up and do their part, also being unable to reach the other members due to them not answering my messages or simply not answering phone calls left the rest of the group in a hard situation as we were unaware as to whether they were doing their part of the project. These issues as aforementioned were out of my control somewhat, however, I feel that my role as project director was not fully satisfied as I did not quite deliberate responsibilities as much as I might possibly have wanted to if given the same opportunity again. There were many ideas from the group at the outset of the project, however, there was no real development of these ideas and this may have been what caused the lack of guidance from the project leader. Also as group leader it is a challenging situation to be in as it is easy to be forceful and blunt at the beginning of the project, however, I chose perhaps too soft an approach for too long a period and this is what perhaps led to some of the group members failing to keep up to date. Upon reflection, we as a group did deliver our presentation; however, it was not as good as what we originally thought when compiling our ideas. There was a lot of potential for the group and the idea of the ‘Four Seasons’ was something that we felt as a group would enable us to succeed in our endeavours as a group. However, if I am to perform my role correctly, must shoulder the responsibility as it was up to me to have directed the ideas much more thoroughly, and if given the opportunity again, I would most definitely do so, as good judgment comes from experience, and experience comes from bad judgment. For the final presentation, I gave the idea and it was accepted by the group that we should use a flip chart as this mirrored the fact that ‘Lush’ also used natural products. We used a lot of visual representation as we felt that this would be a much more observer friendly method of communicating our ideas across. The pictures that we used were all from magazine cut-outs. At the presentation, we did not have just one sole speaker, each member of the group spoke on their respective areas of responsibility. Myself and another member of the group gave the main introduction to the presentation and a small introduction to each speaker. Due to the lack of practice I was very anxious and tense resulting in a bad opening and followed by the other member of the group. The timing was very accurate and the presentation ended with a simple but effective conclusion followed by answering all direct questions made by the panel. In order to have delivered a better presentation the group should have had better commitment to what the original aim of the group was at the outset of the project. Critically, the leader should have relayed a better understanding of what was expected in order to complete our presentation to a high professional standard. Conclusion According to J. F. Benson (1987, p. 1) Group work in practice â€Å" refers to the conscious, disciplined, and systematic use of knowledge about the processes of collective human interaction, in order to intervene in an informed way, or promote some desired objective in a group setting. † In our group’s presentation, the idea of disciplined knowledge was what we as a group failed to achieve as we were unable to have the entire group in one place every time we arranged a time to meet. Although groups generally elect a leader, there are as always exceptions to the general rule. A group is a team, a democracy, not a dictatorship. A group needs to have its own ideas and aims, so that a high level of morale is maintained throughout the group. If there is one person who decides upon everything with no concept of what it is like to function as a team, the team will fail, due to a lack of interest and commitment. A team needs to work together, else it will fall short of what a group is all about, and a team has more than one person within it. References Benson, J. F. (1987), Working more Creatively with Groups, Routledge. Brandler, S. and Roman, P. C. (1999), Group Work: Skills and Strategies for Effective Interventions, 2sd Edition, The Haworth Press Inc. Culliname, J. (2007), Working in Organisations: A Compilation of Resources for the University of Greenwich, 2sd Edition, A Person Custom Publication. Handy, C. (1993), Understanding Organisations, Harmondsworth, Penguin Book. How to cite Reflective Report on Group Work, Essays

Subway Marketing Strategy

Introduction Subway is a leading world fresh-made sandwich provider with 33318 restaurants, distributed in 92 countries. Other than itself operating from a central point, it franchises its name. The restaurant was established in 1965 by Fred DeLuca and Dr. Peter Buck (Subway publication, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Subway Marketing Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first restaurant was established in Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States of America. It is known for its fresh quality fast food. This paper analyses the strategy on how I would further update the Subway product line and advertising campaign in light of current macro trends. Mission Statement The mission statement of the company, which doubles as its goals statement states that â€Å"Our goal is to be ranked the number one Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) worldwide while maintaining the great-tasting freshness of our products t hat is our trademark†. This is the statement that the company has worked with all along and has led to its strong brand name that facilitated its entry in the franchising business (Dennis, 2004). Since its incorporation, it has been involved in numerous social responsibilities and all along whether it’s a franchisee or not, it’s guided by the passion to delight customers by serving fresh, delicious, made-to-order sandwiches, as was the dream by its incorporators. S.W.O.T. Analysis Table Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat Legal and regulatory Australian trade laws are simplified that they offer good business environment. Australia has numerous tax that a business need to administer. Abiding to the regulations Australian has a growing number of youth, both from foreigners and locals. according to Australian bureau of Statistics, 2010 it stands at 22,431,468 Caution from the regulations Global Australia has a good reputation with other countries and thus e ither the franchised or home country stands to benefit. There is a culture that supports the eating at fast food joints. Due to the felt loss out of the diseases out of junk foods they might have reduced business Growing and strengthening of globalisation. New cost effective methods that may make similar products cheap. Economic It is unpredictable and thus a negative change can harm the organization Subway pays high Salaries to their staff. On the other hand their job is labour intensive and thus cost of employees high. The world economy is not predictable and thus Australia may face a downward fall on its economic positioning. It can change to the loss of the company Economic Downturn Technological Subway has adopted new technology in product line and support departments to ensure that they effectively manage their business. Staff shortages and in competency the system adopted by Subway are costly to buy and maintain. Advertisement in Australia has taken a new face of electron ic advertising. Subway has embraced technology in its advertising Can offer room for cheaper ways of advertisements In subways there is need to upgrade the staffs regularly sometimes there is a Shortage of Staff Innovation More and more ways of doing things are invented More dangerous foods can be developed Ongoing Changes Limited Funding Social Low Costs attract more Lack of personalized services Increased health concerns Varied interests in clients Environmental Australian environment has been polluted, thus can be a source of inefficiency in the business. Subway has regulations set by government in its effort to conserve environment. There are numerous campaigns to cure the dangers in the environment It can continue to affect the population negatively It has been depleted but there are campaigns to change the trend. Competitive Subway has a strong brand name and has mastered the production methods that it can effectively produce. The companyNon Profit Objectives That comp anies will produce harming goods Large and well established competitors Structure Simple structure Inexperience Flexibility of structure Funding regulations Processes and Systems Simple to adjust and learn They may be the platform to better ones Clients are aged and financially challenged Consistency is what will be most important Resources Subway has a good management of the available and also the population is willing to help Limited Funding Can be scarce or we lack support Constant Changes Goals Mission is achievable Not very clear Can be high jacked by profit making goals Following our objectives to the dot Strategic Capabilities Funding will allow expansion Strategies not competitive Increased awareness and health concerns Funding regulations Culture Australian has a growing number of youth, both from foreigners and locals. according to Australian bureau of Statistics, 2010 it stands at 22,431,468 Not competitive Australian Culture is Unique and attracts more client s External influences from funding organizations Leadership Subway has a good management for the central organisation franchised companies. Lack of experience and same Ideas in marketin. Funding regulations (Esquerre, 2005). Target Market The company cannot be said to have a specific class or group of people that it targets in its productions, but basically it aims at the whole family production. There are packages that are said to fit more to the young generation, that is the youth and there are those that are meant for children. There are family packages also. However, it aims at establishing the most dominant population composition so as it can produce goods in that line (Neal and Quester, 2006). Products are divided into different sizes to cater for the economic welfare of the people thus the well to do and the less fortunate in the society are accommodated.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 1 5% OFF Learn More Macro-environmental Analysis The Economic and Political Environment Of late the world is in a recession period from the world economic crisis that hit at the end of year 2007. This has affected businesses in one way or the other and fast food business is not an exemption. Consumer’s disposable income has drastically reduced. On the other hand, marketing and advertising methods and tools have taken another angle. This is where internet advertising has taken centre stage in almost at least 42% of world’s advertising (Trading Economics, 2010). More and more fast foods are increasingly being established that offer a different set of products. What has become important is to look for mechanisms to ensure that the company remains competitive. Various mechanisms have been employed to sustain itself in the market, they include, cost reduction mechanism, ensuring that customers are satisfied through offering quality and fresh foods always and establis hing its branches in good locations. Trading Economics. (2010). Available from https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/gdp-growth The Technological Environment The cost of advertising versus the population reached has reduced with the adoption of internet and social marketing/ advertising. The company is in face book and other social network tools. According to Interactive Advertising Bureau [IAMB] 2009, the revenue from internet advertisement rose to $23.4 Billion in 2008, 10.43% increase from the previous year’s record of $21.2 Billion (Advertising Association, 2010). The advertising and marketing online gives an interactive environment such that the target customer can be able to communicate with the website. This gives the user the advantage of airing his or her views. This was never possible in the old marketing and advertising models. The population in the world today, has a majority which is enlightened and knows its rights. In the exercise of these rights, these peopl e need an environment that does not dictate on what they are supposed to do, the way the traditional marketing and advertisement seemed to do (Web Ad.vantage, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Subway Marketing Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Australia Online Ad Spending by Industry Industry Estimated Spending Share of Spending Financial Services $230,449,300 28.8% Web Media $145,186,800 18.2% Retail Goods Services $121,089,600 15.1% Telecommunications $ 56,400,700 7.1% Consumer Goods $ 43,508,300 5.4% Hardware Electronics $ 32,655,400 4.1% Travel $ 29,758,800 3.7% Public Services $ 28,770,800 3.6% Automotive $ 27,182,600 3.4% Health $ 25,485,700 3.2% Entertainment $ 24,415,300 3.1% Software $ 20,968,500 2.6% Business to Business $ 13,423,900 1.7% Web Advantage. (2010). Available from http://www.webadvantage.net/ The Social and Cultural Environment According to United Nations, 1998 the world is continuously facing an increased population. The numbers of youth and young families, who are continuously adopting modern lifestyle, are on the rise. As a result there is increased demand for junk foods. The company is also reaping the benefits of a strong brand name. A strong brand name assists a company to self market and advertises itself. Australian population is also in the rise, according to Australian bureau of Statistics, 2010 it stands at 22,431,468. The population is mostly concentrated among the young; these are people who are below the age of fifty years. The following population structure portrays this fact; Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010). Available from https://www.abs.gov.au/ Social Trends/ Improved Living Standards In this era of industrialization and computers, the living standard of people is on an upward rise. People are adopting modern methods of lifestyle to a point that they are creating recreational time. In these recreations, the foods relied upon are snacks and junk food like those produced by subway.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This has led to an increase in sales. In Australia, health issues are catered for by various programs by the government and thus the general population is healthy without having to spend ones savings. This leads to more disposable income that leads to improved business. Competitive Landscape General Strategies The food industry is one of the fast growing industries in Australia; there are numerous fast foods and hotels that compete for growing population. Fast foods generally sell the following products Hamburgers, Pizza, Other goods, Chicken, Sandwiches, rolls, baguettes, focaccias, Salad and juice bars, Fish and chips, Pies and pasties.. Some fast foods have a strong brand name and are well established they include MacDonald, and Hungry Jack’s. However to curb competition from these established then the following can be done: Strategy Action Who When Benchmark with other dealers with the best business practices Identify benchmarking needs and approaches with other deal ers this is in both original businesses and the franchisee. There is a tendency that franchised people may compromise quality and thus this should be looked into by setting standards (Anctil, 2008). Marketing Executive 1stQtr Segment and target profitable and niche Markets Develop policy guidelines on profitable segments to; Give personalized services Recommend special packages and incentives Enforce implementation of the policy Marketing Executive 1stQtr Introduce Customer Service Develop Customer Service System Marketing Executive 1st – 2nd Qtr Ensure effective implementation of the Customer Service System Marketing Executive 1st – 3rd Qtr Recommend a reward scheme for customer service staff Marketing Executive 1st – 2nd Qtr Marketing Executive 1st – 2nd Qtr Product Strategies Strategy Action Who When Increase the number of products made in the company Develop sales force policies and procedures. Implement and enforce the policies and procedures Marketing Executive 1st– 4thQtr Improve the current conditions of all franchised companies Develop a proposal for branding our outlet to communication all over the world. Submit proposal to Chief Sales Marketing Officer and pursue Marketing Executive 1st– 2ndQtr Devise a standard of operation which should be uniform in all companies Raise requisition for purchase of sets and accessories Submit to Finance Executive follow up Marketing Executive 1st– 4thQtr Pricing Strategies Strategy Action Who When Devise means that will enable for a stronger brand name Creating uniformity in the standards and the quality of products produced. They should also be fresh and made in the lowest cost possible (Anon, 2010). Marketing Executive 1stQtr 3rdQtr1st– 4thQtr Embrace research tools to enable the make more informed decisions. The research department should be requirements that all companies regardless of the country that they are operating from should have. Marketing Executive 1st– 2ndQtr Promotion Strategies Strategy Action Who When Effectively communicate through word of mouth and brochures Develop promotional materials and items through Brochures, fliers, give-away, catalogues. Marketing Executive 1st– 4thQtr Personal selling Marketing Executive 1st– 2ndQtr Stimulate service utilization Marketing Executive 1st– 4thQtr Direct mail Cyber-marketing Marketing Executive 1st– 4thQtr Distribution (Place) Strategies Strategy Action Who When Increase product availability and penetration Identify suitable sub-dealers. Marketing Executive 1st– 2ndQtr Effective use of sales force. Marketing Executive 1st– 4thQtr Assessing the Current Position Subway is currently the world largest sandwich company. It has its branches in 92 countries both as franchised names and original company. To att ain this position the company has embarked on policies that ensure that it remain competitive. Some of these ways are ensuring that it has satisfied its customers in all means (Kaplan, 2008). This is by offering quality and fresh food at all time times. Its location’s is another factor that has given the company an upper hand. All franchised companies are supposed to abide to regulations set by the central company. Fast food joints should provide fresh foods at all times to attract more customers. This will make them more competitive (IBIS World, 2010) Current Marketing campaign Today many companies have entered in fast food business; these companies include McDonald and Hungry Jack’s. To curb this competition and remain competitive subway has engaged in aggressive marketing and advertising methods. These methods include; online advertising where the company is on face book, twitter, has a well updated website. A person can assess its menu over the internet as well as a 24hour call centre. To advertise and ensure that customers get the message, the company uses television and video advertising that are put on electronic advertising boards located at different corners in towns. Some of the audio-visual adverts are show people enjoying various brands by the company and states the offer price which may vary by seasons. In print media, other than in the daily papers, the company advertises in magazines and use of brochures. In united States of America, it has offered some of its products like Humbuggers to be used as cover page on food and nutritional magazines. the companies brochures’ are found in supermarkets, cinema halls, some hotels, beaches and along streets. Product line Subway company specialises in making of fast foods, it mainly concentrates with making of Sandwiches, but due to changing population, it has diverted to other products like Pizza, Other goods, Chicken, rolls, baguettes, focaccias, Salad and juice bars, Fish and chips, Pies and pasties. The development is to ensure that it can satisfy its customers and have a competitive edge in the market. At any one time, the company tries to ensure that its products are of high quality and can be spotted among others. It is very concerned about the feeling that a customer derives after visiting it. There is a new product line that the company is trying to adopt, this is in the area of pizza, Chicken, chips and fish. This is an area that it is incorporating in the old line of sandwiches. To venture in this market, the company need to ensure that customers get more satisfied when they take these products from the restaurants. On the other hand to move as a block, all franchised companies should be taught on how to cook these products to the standards required by the company. The following chart shows classified fast food joints in Australia according to the products that it sells; IBIS World. (2010) available from https://www.ibisworld.com.au/ Though a sandwich is not among the leading fast foods products in Australia, it accounts for a good percentage that if well targeted will give enough market share to the company. A sample sandwich by the company looks like; Subway publication (2010). Available from https://www.subway.com/en-us. A franchising company requires its brand name be placed in a visible position by a franchisee (Entrepreneur, 2010). A sample brand name looks like; Entrepreneur (2010). Available from https://www.entrepreneur.com/franchise500 Developing Marketing Capabilities of Updating the Subway Product Line One of the strategies that the company should embrace is diversification. Instead of concentrating in one line of business i.e. sandwiches, it should venture in other areas that can blend with sandwiching (Kuhn, 1998). In striking for the right opportunities, the company will have to analyze its main market rival. The strategies being employed by the competitor should be critically assessed and evaluated for necessary counter action. In addition, the general plan of the competitor in a bid to control the market is a vital toolkit which this company can use to estimate the competitive edge of the market. Similarly, the product being offered to the market at lower price should be investigated to determine its type and nature (Cook, 2008). Why, for instance, is the company lowering the price of this commodity? Do they have access to cheaper raw materials or is it that quality of the product has been compromised and can be offered at a lower price than normal market value? Finally on opportunities, the marketing department will have to investigate the company’s managerial structure both current and in the past and give a detailed finding as well as possible conclusions on the same (Hanssens, Rust Srivastava, 2009). The following is an example of some foods available in the market that the company can adopt; Subway publication (2010). Available from https://www.subway.com/en-us. Conclusion a nd Recommendation Despite that the company is enjoying as the leading sandwich provider, there are other companies that have come up with the aim of entering the same business. To ensure that it maintains its stand, then it has to utilize its available opportunities well. Opportunities for the company are dependent on both the internal and external assessment criteria of its operations profile. Similar to the weaknesses discussed above, the company can still optimize on the various opportunities available to bring about sustainable growth through effective competition. Some of the underlying opportunities for this company in regard to the macro environment are the diversification of its activities. The company may opt to not only run on large scale but also produce variety of products. This concept of variety may be approached from different angles like design and suitability (Paley, 1999). The advertising campaigns should be made to fit the target market. The advertising campaign s hould be tailored to cover the following. The adverts are placed on the most likely places that the target market is likely to be at any one time, for example they are expected to spend on tourist hotels, at the gate of the hotel, a poster should be put that gives a connection of the soft drink and the customer; â€Å"have a world class feeling at Subway†. There are public transporting companies, a contract with them should be put in place so that the company is allowed to paint the cabs with its known color and a persuasive message about the company. The electronic sign boards are other areas of advertising, since they have the advantage of being formatted to bring different issues, the issues to bring are the replays of the last Olympic Games. T-shit advertisement; T-shirts should be produced that pass a message to the consumer that advertises the company. Reference list Advertising Association. (2010). Advertising Industry Statistics Web. Web. Advertising Bureau [IAMB] 200 9. Internet advertising Revenue Report Archive. Web. Available from: https://www.iab.com/. Anctil, E. (2008). Marketing and Advertising the Intangible. ASHE Higher Education Report, 34(2), 31-47. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Anon (April 24, 2010). Buy a franchise: Advantages and disadvantages of franchising. Web. Available from:  https://www.gov.uk/ . Australian Bureau of Statistics.(2010). Australia’s Population Available from  https://www.abs.gov.au/ Cook, S. (2008). Customer Care Excellence: How to Create an Effective Customer Focus. London, Kogan Page Publishers. Dennis, G. (2004-04-25). â€Å"Subway sets out to torpedo McDonald’s†. The Daily Telegraph (London) Web. Available from:  https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2883871/Subway-sets-out-to-torpedo-McDonalds.html . Entrepreneur (2010). Franchise 500 Web. Available from:  https://www.entrepreneur.com/franchise500 . Esquerre, B. (2005). Have You Done Your S.W.O.T.? Today? Fitn ess Business Pro, 21(12), 24. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database Hanssens, D., Rust, R., Srivastava, R. (2009). Marketing Strategy and Wall Street: Nailing Down Marketing’s Impact. Journal of Marketing, 73(6), 115-118. doi:10.1509/jmkg.73.6.115 IBIS World. (15th June 2010). Takeaway Food Retailing in Australia Web. Available from:  https://www.ibisworld.com.au/ . Kaplan, D. (2002). â€Å"Jared’s Back Plugging for Subway,† Adweek Eastern Edition. Kuhn, S. (1998). â€Å"#13 Lucky for Subway Restaurants and Its Customer 7/6 Campaign Proves to Be a Winner,† Total Food Service, February. Neal, C. and Quester, P. (2006). Consumer behaviour: implications for marketing strategy. Australia, McGraw-Hill. Paley, N. (1999). The manager’s guide to competitive marketing strategies. New York, CRC Press. Subway publication (2010). â€Å"Official SUBWAY Restaurants Web Site†. Subway Restaurants Web. Available from: https://www.subway.com/en- us. Trading Economics. (2010). Australia GDP Growth Rate Web. Available from:  https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/gdpgrowth . United Nations (1998). Australian Bureau of Statistics Web. Available from:  https://www.abs.gov.au/ . Web Ad.vantage. (2010). Web Ad.vantage is an agency solely specializing in online marketing and advertising, and therefore we do it really well Web. Available from:  http://www.webadvantage.net/ . This report on Subway Marketing Strategy was written and submitted by user Paityn Cantu to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Esperenzas Neighborhood Watch

Esperenzas Neighborhood Watch Esperanza's Neighborhood WatchThe House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros was a book that was very well written, descriptive, and relatable. The book is about a young girl named Esperanza who is of Hispanic descent. Esperanza and her family move from apartment to apartment never giving themselves to settle in or get close to any neighbors or make any friends. Of the many lessons that Esperanza learns from the time that she spends examining the lives of the people around her, the most important of these lessons are about maturity and how she feels about her home and identity. By learning about her neighbors and the lives they lead, she learns more about herself and how she wants to dictate her own life.Esperanza's maturity grows throughout the book. However, her maturity didn't happen in one step, but involved learning about the values of her family, responsibility, the pride of her heritage, and strength and confidence in herself.What Esperanza Is NotEsperanza first learns the value of family the day her father tells her about her grandfather's death. Never seeing her father's tears, she could only imagine what she would do if she were in his shoes. "And I think if my own Papa died what would I do. I hold my Papa in my arms. I hold and hold and hold him." (Cisneros 57) This quote shows that Esperanza values her father so much she wants to hold him, hoping he would be with her forever. Maturity involves the realization of the important aspects of one's life, and Esperanza's family meant everything to her.Esperanza, the oldest child of the family, realized she would have to inform her younger siblings about the death of her grandfather. Even though her father didn't mention anything to her about having to tell the others,

French Expressions and Words - Idiomatic Expressions

French Expressions and Words - Idiomatic Expressions There are dozens of expressions in English which contain the word French, but are these things actually French? Take a look at this list with the French equivalents and the literal translations - you might be surprised.Where possible, definitions for these terms have been provided. To french1. (cooking) to cut into thin strips, to trim fat (unknown translation)2. (kissing) see French kiss, below   French bean: le haricot vert green bean French bed: le lit en portefeuille bed that is wider than a twin bed but narrower than a double bed French blue: bleu franà §ais dark azure color French boxing: la boxe franà §aise French braid: la tresse franà §aise (hair style) French plait in UK French bread: la baguette French bulldog: le bouledogue franà §ais French cap: la bague chapeau single spindle wood molding machine French casement: la fenà ªtre deux battants French chalk: la craie de tailleur literally, tailors chalk French chop (cuisine) chop with the meat and fat trimmed from the end (unknown translation(juggling) tomahawk jetà © de lautre cà ´tà © de la tà ªte French cleaners: le nettoyage sec literally, dry cleaning French clock: (unknown translation) elaborately decorated French clock from the 18th century French cricket: (unknown translation) informal type of cricket without stumps in which the batsman is out if the ball hits his/her legs French cuff: le poignet mousquetaire literally, musketeers cuff French curtain: le rideau la franà §aise French curve: le pistolet literally, pistol French custard ice cream: la glace aux Å“ufs French cut underwear: sous-và ªtements la franà §aise (lingerie) high-waisted styleFrench dip sandwich: un sandwich  « French dip  » beef sandwich dipped into beef juice (called au jus) French disease: la maladie anglaise literally, English disease. An old-fashioned term in both languages to refer to syphilis. French door: la porte-fenà ªtreliterally, window-door French drain: la pierrà ©e, le drain de pierres sà ¨ches French dressing: la vinaigrette Only in England does French dressing mean vinaigrette. In the US, French dressing refers to a sweet, tomato-based salad dressing that does not, as far as I know, exist in France. French endive: la chicorà ©e de Bruxelles, chicorà ©e witloof French eye needle - une aiguille double chas French fly: une braguette bouton de rappel hidden button inside fly of mens pants French fry: la (pomme de terre) frite literally, fried potato. Note that French fries are actually Belgian To French-fry: frire la friteuse literally, to fry in the fryer French harp: un harmonica This term is used in the southern US to refer to an instrument made of metal or glass strips attached to a frame and struck with a hammer.French heel: le talon franà §ais (womens shoes) a curved, high heel French hen (unknown translation) In the song 12 Days of Christmas French horn: le cor dharmonie literally, horn of harmonie French ice cream: see French custard ice cream, above French kiss:noun: un baiser avec la langue, un baiser profond, un baiser torrideverb: galocher, embrasser avec la langue French knickers: la culotte-caleà §on French knitting: le tricotin also called spool knitting French knot: le point de nÅ“ud literally, knot point French lavender: la lavande toupet To take French leave: filer langlaise (informal) literally, to split/take off the English way French lentils: les lentilles du Puy literally, lentils from (the French town of) Puy French letter: la capote anglaise (informal) literally, English condomFrench maid: la femme de chambre chambermaid French manicure: le French manucure American-invented style of manicure, with light pink polish on the nail and white polish underneath French marigold: un Å“illet dInde literally, Indian carnation French mustard: la moutarde douce literally, sweet mustard French onion dip (unknown translation) vegetable dip made from sour cream, onion, and herbs French onion rings: rondelles doignon French onion soup: la soupe loignon onion soup (topped with cheese and broiled)French pancake: une crà ªpe In English, this is also sometimes known as a crepe. ï » ¿French pastry: la pà ¢tisserie pastry French pleat: le pli pincà © a pleat at the top of a curtain consisting of three smaller pleats French polish: le vernis au tampon shellac diluted with alcohol and used to produce a high gloss on wood French poodle: un caniche literally, poodle French press: une cafetià ¨re literally, coffee maker French provincial (unknown translation) (architecture, furniture) style characteristic of the French provinces in the 17th and 18th centuries French roast coffee: le cafà © mà ©lange franà §ais literally, French blend coffee French roll: un chignon banane literally, banana bun French roof: un toit la mansarde literally, Mansard roof French saddle: une selle franà §aise breed of horse French seam: la couture anglaise literally, English sewing French silk pie (unknown translation) pie with a chocolate mousse or pudding filling and whipped cream topping French skipping (unknown translation) also known as Chinese skipping, Chinese jump rope, and elastics. French stick: une baguette French telephone: un appareil combinà © telephone with the receiver and transmitter as a single piece French toast: le pain perdu literally, lost bread French trotter: un trotteur franà §ais breed of horse French twist: le chignon bun French vanilla: la vanille bourbonliterally, (the French town of) Bourbon vanillaFrench vermouth: le vermouthdry vermouthFrench window: la porte-fenà ªtre literally, window-doorPardon my French: Passez-moi lexpression. ï » ¿Allow me the expression.

Research Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research Techniques - Essay Example The present study is to find out the causes for the lower membership applications when compared to the other golf clubs of the area, the overall perception of the club and to give recommendations on how to increase the membership applications of the club. The aim of selecting any business research method is to give most useful information to the key decision makers in a most practical and cost-effective way. After adopting qualitative research method, there should be quantitative approach. The ideal researcher uses the combination of methods. At first, the qualitative approach should be followed. Qualitative research: There are many methods to get the required information, the important things that should be kept in mind while gathering information are, the information should be practical, cost-effective, accurate, credible to the decision makers and the nature of the audience confirm to the methods. This is the primary phase of research. Quantitative research : After getting the required data qualitatively some conclusions are drawn from the data, the results are tested on a larger scale by taking statistical analysis. This is the quantitative research also termed the secondary phase of research. Types of research methods: there are many ways to collect a data qualitatively; they are Questionnaires, checklists and surveys: the aim of this method is to get the information quickly; the advantage is the identity of the respondent can be protected; lots of data can be collected. However, in this method clear feed back cannot be obtained. Interviews: the aim is to understand the individual's experiences and impressions, the advantages are in-depth information can be obtained; a relationship with the client can be established. This process can be time consuming, costly Documentation review: the aim of this method is to review how the programme operates, without interrupting it, it can be performed through memos, review of applications, finances etc, the advantages to this method are, and comprehensive and historical information can be obtained. The disadvantages are the process is time consumin

Advantages and Disadvantages of Undercover Officers Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Undercover Officers - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the use of undercover as an investigative technique has grown into all areas of criminal investigations in most of the countries. Though an undercover officer’s job is an exciting one, it consists of a lot of challenges and risks. â€Å"It’s perfectly legal for undercover officers and informants to engage in criminal activity to protect their cover. Because of the serious threats to their lives, while facing extreme terrorists and criminals, undercover officers are legally allowed to engage in any sort of activities to protect their lives. They can even kill the suspected people if there is no other option to capture them alive. â€Å"Undercover officers are legally allowed to lie when you inquire whether they’re law enforcement personnel.   It does no good to ask, â€Å"Are you a cop?†Ã‚   Undercover cops can just reply, â€Å"Of course not.† As part of their duty, undercover officers need not tell truths all the times. They can manipulate stories and even they can tell utter lies to execute their mission effectively. The aim or target is most important for the undercover officers rather than the method used to reach the target. â€Å"To those engaged in police investigations, undercover operations offer the opportunity for increased efficiency. They allow you to penetrate criminal organizations not susceptible to other investigative techniques.† (Burton) Criminals have well-defined methods to tackle any kind of operations from the police because they are able to watch and act based on the police activities because of their known identity. On the other hand, because of the unknown identity of the undercover officers, criminals may not get enough information about the actions and procedures of these officers and also most of the undercover operations occur unexpectedly. The criminals may not get enough time for preparation or resistance in most of the undercover operati ons.

Sublime and Fantastic Elements in The Day We Were Dogs :: Day We Were Dogs Essays

Sublime and Fantastic Elements in The Day We Were Dogs      Ã‚   "The Day We Were Dogs" is a short story written by an author born in Puebla, Mexico, in 1993. Elena Garro's major themes revolve around the concepts of time and memory. I do not believe this story is a true example of magical realism; however I do see the sublime and the fantastic used in this story. I think that this story is really a misidentification of magical realism. To start out, I was moved by the way the author talked about a day with two days inside of it. How could this occurrence be? It is two days and two realities. There also were two afternoons and two heavens, dogs talking, dogs named Buddha and Christ. I just see Garro trying to imitate magical realism, but she did a bad job of it. I do have to give her credit for bringing the sublime and the fantastic in, though. The characteristics of magical realism are phenomenal, deeper realm, visibility, mysterious, opinionated, timeless fluidity, and fascinating. This story has none of those characteristics, or at least it does not express them the way a magical realism story would. "We recognize the world, although now-not only because we have emerged from a dream-we look on it with new eyes"(Roh 17). I see what Roh is trying to say about magical realism, and I do not think one can use these certain strategies to figure out this story because it is fantastical and sublime. The fantastic is characterized by the marvelous, the uncanny, the natural, and the supernatural. The marvelous to me in this story would be the two parallel days. It seems so normal how Garro talks about it. They looked at one day or thing and saw what happened, and then they looked at another. Being able to experience time this way seems so wild and crazy. Rabkin states that "we recognize this reversal (90 to 180) through certain textual (signals):the reactions of the characters, the statements of the narrators, and the implications of structures provided by implied authors."(Rabkin 11). The story does show a big reversal as the dogs act as dogs and the people act as dogs. Also, the character questions, "I'm a dog"? Then another dog replies, "Yes we are dogs." I saw that later on in the story she realizes that she was a dog by replying ,"Woof, Woof, Woof," when someone asked her a question.

“Brown girl, brownstones” by Paule Marshall Essay

Plot summary The prose fiction Brown girl, brownstones by Paule Marshall, is a bildungsroman with autobiographical elements, tracking the life and experiences of the main protagonist, Selina Boyce and the family and friends in her life. Marshall uses various elements and techniques in the prose, to bring about different themes, characteristics and aspects in her novel. The text is set mainly in the 1930’s Brooklyn, New York, at a community of brownstone houses occupied by the Bajan immigrants. Though there are various perspectives of other personas in the prose, Marshall uses a third person narrative to show the first person perspective of Selina. The story begins with Selina at ten years old and continues until she is no longer a minor. It shows the theme of identity as Selina is trying to find who she is amongst members in her family. â€Å"But they have taken no photographs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  was one of the first time Selina’s loneliness can be seen in the text. She is jealous of the fact her parents took photographs of the family before the death of her infant brother, yet took no keepsakes of hers. Then it goes on to where Marshall is a very descriptive narrator, using a cinematic effect in her story telling. The scenes shift continuously to suggest simultaneous action which produces a dramatic effect that helps to build conflict and suspense. She also uses devices and diction to bring about various themes and symbolic elements in her text. She uses the technique of epigraph to start each chapter, it is a type of foreshadowing, hinting of what will happen throughout the chapter. It also helps to characterize individuals in the story. Contrast is also a reoccurring technique in the text, as characters such as Silla and Deighton, Ina and Selina, have contradictory personalities. There is also contradiction in the symbols and diction in the text. Words such as ‘winter’ and ‘Sun’, ‘darkness’ and ‘light’, are contradictory symbols referring to the characteristics of individuals such as Selina’s parents in the text. The write r involves the use of the Bajan dialect as well as English, as if trying to incorporate the reader in the culture of Barbados and also add credibility and realism to the story. It suggests pride in the Bajan culture. The author uses various figurative devices in the text. There is a heavy focus on the use of personification and architectural imagery. Symbolism is evident in the prose; using colors such as red to represent romance and sexual relationships; and white, and  brownstones to represent upward mobility, status and unattainable goals. Land in the text is also symbolic of independence and opportunity. The use of conflict, such as; mother-daughter, husband-wife, black-white, is brought out by the symbols and conflicting elements in the prose. It shows the destruction in relationships, and accentuates climatic moments, such as when Deighton, used the money Silla stole from him, or when Silena told the whole Bajan association, she’d tricked them. Marshall uses devices such as; imagery, epigraph, motif, foreshadowing, pathetic fallacy and biblical allusion, to show racism, identity, women in society, family, deceit, and various other themes in the prose fiction. The denouement, begins with Silena recognizing who she is and making final decisions for herself. After all her trials and lost relationships, she finally covers her identity, accepting who she has become, the trials she is yet to face and the people in her past who has made her who she is today. Especially her mother, whom she had always fought against. Rational The life of Deighton Boyce, was the subject chosen for the poem between many view Deighton as a problem in the text Brown girl, brownstones, giving him no sympathy. The poem was intended to convey sympathy for Deighton. His life in the poem is specifically intriguing as though he causes many shifts in characteristics of others in the text, his own life is not emphasized. The poem will hopefully give an explanation of the circumstances surrounding the issues of Deighton death, and his life. Mocking Jay I saw a song bird fight a bird of prey, Beautiful-ugly, he was, filled with sorrow, was she. Night and day, He sang a tune of love and wonder, She sang back of vicis and plunder, I tried to save that mocking Jay, But the night stole him away. Where are you my mocking Jay? Trapped in the tomb of brown stones? Your young are calling, where are you? Won’t you fight the snow away? Don’t you hear the light’s moans? Has she trapped him too? No longer perched on your window silla They’ve clipped your wings You’ve destroyed their prison The flock screams their Bajan banter Fly away home my mocking Jay Swim home my song bird But, mocking Jay’s never dive†¦ I’ll send a new light your way†¦ For you to see through winter’s clock†¦ To save your flock†¦ To blind your eyes†¦ And save you from the dark†¦ Shattered tunes of my broken song bird Remember your prayers Eulogy. The sad broken memory. The life you ran away. Dead like marrow staining the asphalt. Staining corals a sea away. Songs long dead, I’ll sing them to you. I’ll pray your tarnished soul away. Deighton, my mocking Jay. Analysis The poem â€Å"mocking Jay†, is a kind of stanzaic elegy, in tribute to a character in the prose text â€Å"Brown girl, Brownstones†. The poet uses the mimicking bird, mocking jay, to represent the character Deighton in the prose text. Not only do mocking jays have a gift in music, which was one of the professional genres Deighton attempted, but they repeat everything sung to them in a mocking manner. Deighton, like these birds, reflects a mocking version of the negatives surround him; from using the money his wife stole from him, to purchase frivolous gifts to spite her; to changing his course of study every time he is confronted with racism or barriers. Deighton also  has the dream like (surreal), and fun loving attributes common to these birds. The poem comprises of four sestets, a couplet a single line and a septet. The stanza formation, is quite symbolic. The first stanza is the first of the four sestets. At the end of each sentence in this sestet is a comma. This represents the fact that this relatively pleasant chapter in his life is not yet complete, it won’t end in a ‘happy ever after’. It is as if to say that the beginning of their relationship was an unfinished dream. The second sestet ends in a question within, as if questioning the relationship, not understanding the change in the relationship and in Silla. The third sestet ends without punctuation is representative to all the times Deighton and the audience were waiting to see Silla’s response to sightings behavior. The final sestet concludes with â€Å"structured-chaotic† punctuation, of when Silla’s revenge unfolds it was chaotic in the circumstances of deportation, but structured in that it was her plan all along. Combining with the lack of punctuation, the couplet of stanza five signifies hi s never ending pain. It symbolizes that, as the lack of punctuation prevents the sentence from truly being complete, his pain and suffering will not end even in the afterlife. The single line consists of one word â€Å"Eulogy†, this refers to the speech given at a funeral or a recollection of the past doings of an individual after he is dead. This word being the shortest stanza, represents the lack of quality and memorabilia Deighton has left behind with his children. The final stanza a sestet can be tied to the biblical representation of the day God rested. The number seven represents the change that occurs after an accomplished cycle. Deighton, accomplices all he could so the last stanza represents his death the final rest he accomplished after his life cycle. The poem has a steady rhythms. Though not all stanzas have a structured rhyme scheme, the poem still flows as if it does. It is like the steady yet unusual flow of life, just as the poem is a depiction of Dighton’s life as was repre sented in the prose fiction. The first stanza contains a set of rhyming couplets, repeating the first rhyme in the last stanza (an â€Å"a, a b, b a, a† format). The last rhyme however is a forced rhyme, this is there to show that leaving the omnipresence was not something the Jay wanted, but was what was forced on him. The second stanza consists of alternate rhymes that emphasize the questioning in this stanza, that he is running alternate scenarios in his mind as to why the wife who used to love him hates him so  much now. The fourth sestet has the last rhyme, â€Å"clock† and â€Å"flock†. This symbolizes that the time he has left with his children is limited as his death is nearing. The rest of the poem is rhyming going parallel to the pores fiction as explanations are revealed in the story, the confusion and rhyming stops. The poem commences with the omnipresent narrator giving a visual imagery of the meeting between two contradicting birds. The â€Å"song bird† represents something happy, passive and peaceful, while â€Å"bird of prey† represents something sly, dominating and warlike. The story continues with oxymoronic inverted syntaxes of line two, that helps to emphasize that the creatures have contradicting personas and that their union could never last as it was based on confusion. Just as in the prose fiction, Silla thought she could turn Deighton into someone he wasn’t, and failed. The diction used in the first stanza such as; â€Å"vicis†, â€Å"Jay† and â€Å"Night†, aid in displaying the theme of conflict in relationships. ‘Vicis’ is the Latin word for change, in reference to the context it highlights Silla’s need to change her husband’s persona and fight to create a life for them that he never wanted. The capitalization diff words such as Jay and Night, personify these nonhuman objects, in the case of the Jay it helps to emphasize this being a character trait of Deighton, while the Night highlights Silla’s character as bright cold and heartless, but at that time seeming beautiful and peaceful . Lines three and four of the first stanza also help to concretize the theme of contradictory persons in relationships, displayed in the first stanza. Stanza two is a rhetorical question sestet, it constantly asks questions the ‘Jay’ is obviously unable to answer, and these are symbolic of the time where the relationship between Silla and Deighton was confusing. He didn’t know where she stood, whether still in love with him or hating h for the injustice she believes he did to their son, the first line emphasizes this. It follows with a reference to the brownstone house Silla spent a majority of the text fighting to obtain. The use of diction such as â€Å"prison†, â€Å"brown†, and â€Å"stones† was a slight pun as a Jay would find a house made of stones a prison, and juxtaposed with the text, it can be said that Deighton saw the house his wife fought so much for was like a prison to him, and a symbol of his failures in his relationships and providing for his family. Line two is the first and only mention of their children in the poem. This is symbolic as it shows that not only did Deighton not spend enough time  with them and focused more on himself, but he also failed as a father in that he couldn’t protect them from the â€Å"snow† which is a personified symbolism of his wife. The personification of the ‘light’, at the end of the stanza references all the happiness and innocence still in the family. When the persona asks about the moaning light that ‘she’ has trapped it means that he was unable to prevent the happiness and life from leaving their family, this aids in uncovering the themes of failing one’s family and loosing things that are important. The third stanza has the most textual allusions, the stanza opens with a pun, â€Å"window silla†. As a bird a sill is somewhere you can rest, be at peace like a home, in this means Deighton no longer feels at home in the browns stones. Silla is also the name of his wife so it can mean that he is also no longer feeling happy in his marriage, as shown in the text queen he began going you the house form his mistress in the nights. â€Å"They’ve clipped your wings† line two of the stanza refers to when he almost got his arm amputated due to his indolence. This is symbolic as it is a physical representative and slight foreshadowing of how his time was ending. The next line refers to the song they sang to him at the wedding. The ‘f’’, ‘s’, ‘th’ and ‘b’ fricative and plosive so funds of the fourth line in the third stanza, emphasizes the running and the drama happening in that scene of the text. The ‘swim home’ in the last line of that stanza references the Caribbean since Islands in the Caribbean are surrounded by water. The last sestet refers to the last actions before Deighton’s death. It starts with a pun, on Deighton’s childhood, as he dived for the coins white men through at him, and also an allusion to him diving to his death. The ‘new light’ is symbolic for Deighton’s religious period, where the movement of the new light helped him to finally discover himself, though completely swiping his personality. ‘winter’s clock’ is symbolic for Deighton’s attempts at going back in time to rectify the problems mainly caused by his relationship with his wife. The couplet, single line and septet, is after his death. People have pained cries due to morning Deighton’s death. The mansion of Prayers refer to his newfound beliefs and Eulogy is the speech given at a funeral. The final stanza is technically the omnipresence’s eulogy for Deighton, though it shows that he is not someone people will remember with respect. It speaks of how he could have had a life if he’d made different choices. It gives an image of his death at sea, and  its connection to his past in the Caribbean. It then shows the general sadness surrounding his death, and accentuates the theme of death in the text. The poem changes from a tone of observation, to unease, to sadness. Hopefully bringing out an overall sympathy for the persona. Though it is not a total rhyming poem, it still has a flowing rhythms that showcases the life cycle of Deighton, as shown in the text. Conclusion The text Brown girl, brownstones, is an excellent depiction of women and men in immigrant communities. Most persons generally sympathize with the women of these communities, however this poem has hopefully garnered a positive response to men in these communities, and those shown in the text. This may help persons to recognize that women were not the only ones with problems in the text. The blame for these conflicts also, should not be solely the fault of males like Deighton, in the prose, but equally shared between each individual, and characters in the prose fiction.